Ax Zhuoyun Du, Runze Wang, Huiyu Bai, Zouying Cao, Xiaoyong Zhu, Yu Cheng, Bo Zheng, Wei Chen, Haochao Ying 4/17/2026

Enabling Agents to Communicate Entirely in Latent Space

Interlat enables LLM-based agents to communicate in latent space instead of natural language, improving information transfer depth.

Ax Genghan Zhang, Shaowei Zhu, Anjiang Wei, Zhenyu Song, Allen Nie, Zhen Jia, Nandita Vijaykumar, Yida Wang, Kunle Olukotun 4/17/2026

AccelOpt: A Self-Improving LLM Agentic System for AI Accelerator Kernel Optimization

AccelOpt is a self-improving LLM agent that autonomously optimizes kernels for AI accelerators using iterative generation and optimization memory.

Ax Yegon Kim, Hyunsu Kim, Gyeonghoon Ko, Juho Lee 4/17/2026

Active Learning with Selective Time-Step Acquisition for PDEs

Active learning framework for PDE surrogate modeling with selective time-step acquisition to reduce training data generation costs.

Ax Qiwei Tian, Chenhao Lin, Zhengyu Zhao, Chao Shen 4/17/2026

Pay Less Attention to Function Words for Free Robustness of Vision-Language Models

Function-word De-Attention method improves robustness of vision-language models against cross-modal adversarial attacks.

Ax Jeff J. Ma, Jae-Won Chung, Jisang Ahn, Yizhuo Liang, Runyu Lu, Akshay Jajoo, Myungjin Lee, Mosharaf Chowdhury 4/17/2026

Cornfigurator: Automated Planning for Any-to-Any Multimodal Model Serving

Cornfigurator automates deployment planning for any-to-any multimodal models with heterogeneous computation paths and component scaling.

Ax Toshiaki Hori, Jonathan DeCastro, Deepak Gopinath, Avinash Balachandran, Guy Rosman 4/17/2026

Learning to Plan, Planning to Learn: Adaptive Hierarchical RL-MPC for Sample-Efficient Decision Making

Hierarchical approach combining reinforcement learning with MPC planning for sample-efficient decision making in structured planning problems.

Ax Suyan Dai, Gan Sun, Fazeng Li, Xu Tang, Qianqian Wang, Yang Cong 4/17/2026

Federated Multi-Task Clustering

Federated learning approach for spectral clustering in decentralized environments, capturing latent correlations across tasks.

Ax Waleed Khalid, Dmitry Ignatov, Radu Timofte 4/17/2026

From Memorization to Creativity: LLM as a Designer of Novel Neural Architectures

NNGPT framework uses LLMs for neural architecture synthesis through iterative supervised fine-tuning cycles generating validated PyTorch networks.

Ax Kun Liang, Clive Bai, Xin Xu, Chenming Tang, Sanwoo Lee, Weijie Liu, Saiyong Yang, Yunfang Wu 4/17/2026

ORBIT: On-policy Exploration-Exploitation for Controllable Multi-Budget Reasoning

ORBIT system for controlling reasoning budget in Large Reasoning Models via on-policy exploration-exploitation to reduce computational cost.

Ax Murat Bilgehan Ertan, Marten van Dijk 4/17/2026

Fundamental Limitations of Favorable Privacy-Utility Guarantees for DP-SGD

Theoretical analysis of differential privacy limitations in DP-SGD using f-differential privacy framework with shuffled sampling.

Ax Xingyue Huang, Xueying Ding, Mingxuan Ju, Yozen Liu, Neil Shah, Tong Zhao 4/17/2026

Threshold Differential Attention for Sink-Free, Ultra-Sparse, and Non-Dispersive Language Modeling

Threshold Differential Attention mechanism for long-context language modeling, addressing attention sink and sparsity issues without projection overhead.

Ax Badri N. Patro, Vijay S. Agneeswaran 4/17/2026

LLMOrbit: A Circular Taxonomy of Large Language Models -From Scaling Walls to Agentic AI Systems

Comprehensive circular taxonomy surveying 50+ LLMs from 2019-2025 across 15 organizations, documenting architectural innovations and scaling properties.

Ax Aditya Kumar, Mario A. Cypko, Oliver Amft 4/17/2026

Learning temporal embeddings from electronic health records of chronic kidney disease patients

Study of temporal embedding models for electronic health records of chronic kidney disease patients, balancing predictive performance with clinical interpretability.

Ax Rongzheng Wang, Yihong Huang, Muquan Li, Jiakai Li, Di Liang, Bob Simons, Pei Ke, Shuang Liang, Ke Qin 4/17/2026

Rethinking LLM-Driven Heuristic Design: Generating Efficient and Specialized Solvers via Dynamics-Aware Optimization

Framework for LLM-driven automated heuristic generation for combinatorial optimization with dynamics-aware evaluation beyond endpoint metrics.

Ax Wenlong Mou 4/17/2026

Continuous-time reinforcement learning: ellipticity enables model-free value function approximation

Research on model-free reinforcement learning for continuous-time processes with function approximation using ellipticity properties and Hilbert-space methods.

Ax Jianwen Chen, Xinyu Yang, Peng Xia, Arian Azarang, Yueh Z Lee, Gang Li, Hongtu Zhu, Yun Li, Beidi Chen, Huaxiu Yao 4/17/2026

MedVerse: Efficient and Reliable Medical Reasoning via DAG-Structured Parallel Execution

MedVerse framework enables parallel reasoning in LLMs for medical diagnosis using DAG-structured execution instead of sequential autoregressive decoding.

Ax Jonathan W. Siegel, Snir Hordan, Hannah Lawrence, Ali Syed, Nadav Dym 4/17/2026

Quantitative Approximation Rates for Group Equivariant Learning

arXiv paper on approximation rates for group equivariant neural networks. Theoretical ML research.

Ax Ganzhao Yuan 4/17/2026

OptEMA: Adaptive Exponential Moving Average for Stochastic Optimization with Zero-Noise Optimality

Adaptive optimizer using exponential moving average with theoretical guarantees for zero-noise convergence without restrictive boundedness conditions.

Ax Wenyue Hua, Sripad Karne, Qian Xie, Armaan Agrawal, Nikos Pagonas, Kostis Kaffes, Tianyi Peng 4/17/2026

AgentOpt v0.1 Technical Report: Client-Side Optimization for LLM-Based Agent

Client-side optimization framework for LLM-based agents that compose local tools, remote APIs, and multiple models efficiently.

Ax Wooin Lee, Hyun-Tae Kim 4/17/2026

SAGE: Sign-Adaptive Gradient for Memory-Efficient LLM Optimization

Memory-efficient optimizer for LLM training using sign-adaptive gradient updates to reduce optimizer state overhead.

Ax Pankayaraj Pathmanathan, Furong Huang 4/17/2026

Deliberative Alignment is Deep, but Uncertainty Remains: Inference time safety improvement in reasoning via attribution of unsafe behavior to base model

Studies deliberative alignment approach for improving LLM safety at inference time through reasoning model distillation and behavior attribution.

Ax Miit Daga, Swarna Priya Ramu 4/17/2026

Not All Forgetting Is Equal: Architecture-Dependent Retention Dynamics in Fine-Tuned Image Classifiers

Studies which samples are forgotten during fine-tuning of image classifiers and whether forgetting patterns depend on architecture.

Ax Denizalp Goktas, Gerardo Ria\~no-Brice\~no, Alif Abdullah, Aryan Nair, Chenkai Shen, Beatriz de Lucio, Alexandra Magnusson, Farhan Mashrur, Ahmed Abdulla, Shawrna Sen, Mahitha Thippireddy, Gregory Schwartz, Amy Greenwald 4/17/2026

TempusBench: An Evaluation Framework for Time-Series Forecasting

Comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing time-series foundation models with benchmarks and community standards.

Ax Hossem Eddine Hafidi, Elisabetta De Giovanni, Teodoro Montanaro, Ilaria Sergi, Massimo De Vittorio, Luigi Patrono 4/17/2026

Drowsiness-Aware Adaptive Autonomous Braking System based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Road Safety

Deep reinforcement learning system for autonomous braking that adapts to driver drowsiness using physiological state detection.

Ax Yuwei Yin, Giuseppe Carenini 4/17/2026

Improving Language Models with Intentional Analysis

Proposes intentional analysis framework to improve language model reasoning by explicitly understanding user intent behind questions.

Ax Zeguan Xiao, Yun Chen, Guanhua Chen, Ke Tang 4/17/2026

Towards Bridging the Reward-Generation Gap in Direct Alignment Algorithms

Identifies reward-generation gap in Direct Alignment Algorithms like DPO and SimPO for LLM alignment, proposes methods to bridge the discrepancy.

Ax Ido Guy, Daniel Haimovich, Fridolin Linder, Nastaran Okati, Lorenzo Perini, Niek Tax, Mark Tygert 4/17/2026

Measuring multi-calibration

Proposes scalar metrics for measuring multi-calibration of probabilistic predictions across multiple subpopulations.

Ax Zhenyu Liao, Michael W. Mahoney 4/17/2026

Random Matrix Theory for Deep Learning: Beyond Eigenvalues of Linear Models

Theoretical analysis extending random matrix theory to understand behavior of overparameterized deep neural networks in high-dimensional settings.

Ax Baochang Ren, Shuofei Qiao, Da Zheng, Huajun Chen, Ningyu Zhang 4/17/2026

KnowRL: Exploring Knowledgeable Reinforcement Learning for Factuality

KnowRL reinforcement learning approach to reduce hallucination in LLMs by providing factual supervision during reasoning process.

Ax Parv Kapoor, Akila Ganlath, Michael Clifford, Changliu Liu, Sebastian Scherer, Eunsuk Kang 4/17/2026

Constrained Decoding for Safe Robot Navigation Foundation Models

Constrained decoding approach for ensuring safe navigation in robotic foundation models with explicit behavioral constraints.

Ax Haonan Chen, Jiaming Xu, Hongyu Chen, Kaiwen Hong, Binghao Huang, Chaoqi Liu, Jiayuan Mao, Yunzhu Li, Yilun Du, Katherine Driggs-Campbell 4/17/2026

Multi-Modal Manipulation via Multi-Modal Policy Consensus

Multi-modal policy consensus approach factorizing robotic manipulation policies into modality-specific diffusion models for flexible integration.

Ax Tianyu Li, Yihan Li, Zizhe Zhang, Nadia Figueroa 4/17/2026

Flow with the Force Field: Learning 3D Compliant Flow Matching Policies from Force and Demonstration-Guided Simulation Data

Flow matching policies for contact-rich robotic manipulation tasks using force and demonstration-guided simulation data.

Ax Austin Spizzirri 4/17/2026

The Specification Trap: Why Static Value Alignment Alone Is Insufficient for Robust Alignment

Philosophical analysis arguing static value alignment insufficient for robust AI alignment under capability scaling and distributional shift.

Ax Garud Iyengar, Yu-Shiou Willy Lin, Kaizheng Wang 4/17/2026

Model-Free Assessment of Simulator Fidelity via Quantile Curves

Model-free methods for assessing simulator fidelity and quantifying sim-to-real gaps in generative AI models.

Ax Rei Taniguchi, Yuyang Dong, Makoto Onizuka, Chuan Xiao 4/17/2026

Adaptive Layer Selection for Layer-Wise Token Pruning in LLM Inference

Adaptive layer selection technique for layer-wise token pruning to reduce KV cache in LLM inference with improved efficiency.

Ax Lirui Zhang, Huishuai Zhang 4/17/2026

De-Anonymization at Scale via Tournament-Style Attribution

DAS method for authorship de-anonymization at scale using tournament-style attribution with LLMs, analyzing privacy implications.

Ax Sukumar Kishanthan, Kumar Thushalika, Buddhi Jayasekara, Asela Hevapathige 4/17/2026

Beyond Translation: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Capabilities of LLMs in Sinhala and Tamil

Evaluation of LLM mathematical reasoning capabilities in low-resource languages Sinhala and Tamil.

Ax Drew Prinster, Clara Fannjiang, Ji Won Park, Kyunghyun Cho, Anqi Liu, Suchi Saria, Samuel Stanton 4/17/2026

Conformal Policy Control

Conformal policy control framework using safe reference policies as regulators for untested policies in high-stakes agent exploration.

Ax Markus Knauer, Samuel Bustamante, Thomas Eiband, Alin Albu-Sch\"affer, Freek Stulp, Jo\~ao Silv\'erio 4/17/2026

IROSA: Interactive Robot Skill Adaptation using Natural Language

IROSA framework combining foundation models with imitation learning for robot skill adaptation via natural language instructions.

Ax Shiwan Zhao, Zhihu Wang, Xuyang Zhao, Jiaming Zhou, Caiyue Xu, Chenfei Liu, Liting Zhang, Yuhang Jia, Yanzhe Zhang, Hualong Yu, Zichen Xu, Qicheng Li, Yong Qin 4/17/2026

Large Language Model Post-Training: A Unified View of Off-Policy and On-Policy Learning

Survey unifying LLM post-training methods (SFT, preference optimization, RL, process supervision) through lens of off-policy and on-policy learning.

Ax Utshab Kumar Ghosh, Ashish David, Shubham Chatterjee 4/17/2026

Reproduction Beyond Benchmarks: ConstBERT and ColBERT-v2 Across Backends and Query Distributions

Reproducibility study of ColBERT-v2 and ConstBERT showing 86-97% performance drop on long narrative queries due to architectural limitations.

Ax Imanol Miranda, Ander Salaberria, Eneko Agirre, Gorka Azkune 4/17/2026

Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference

Research on CLIP and dual-encoder vision-language models showing compositional limitations stem from inference protocol, not representations.

Ax Hiranya V. Peiris 4/17/2026

Functional Emotions or Situational Contexts? A Discriminating Test from the Mythos Preview System Card

Research using SAE features and emotion vectors to study Claude Mythos Preview system behavior during misaligned responses.

Ax Itay Itzhak, Eliya Habba, Gabriel Stanovsky, Yonatan Belinkov 4/17/2026

From Feelings to Metrics: Understanding and Formalizing How Users Vibe-Test LLMs

Research formalizing user 'vibe-testing' practices for evaluating LLMs, moving from informal experience-based evaluation to structured methodology for reproducibility.

Ax Xingyu Xiao, Jiejuan Tong, Jun Sun, Zhe Sui, Peng Chen, Jingang Liang, Haitao Wang 4/17/2026

NuHF Claw: A Risk Constrained Cognitive Agent Framework for Human Centered Procedure Support in Digital Nuclear Control Rooms

Research paper proposing NuHF Claw cognitive agent framework using LLMs for safety-critical decision support in nuclear control rooms.

Ax Hong Su 4/17/2026

Simulating Human Cognition: Heartbeat-Driven Autonomous Thinking Activity Scheduling for LLM-based AI systems

Heartbeat-driven autonomous thinking framework for LLM agents enabling proactive scheduling and continuous reflection instead of reactive control flows.

Ax Pierre Lotte (EPE UT, IRIT), Andr\'e P\'eninou (UT2J, IRIT-SIG, IRIT), Olivier Teste (IRIT-SIG, IRIT, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse) 4/17/2026

Fun-TSG: A Function-Driven Multivariate Time Series Generator with Variable-Level Anomaly Labeling

Synthetic multivariate time series generator with fine-grained anomaly annotations and variable-level dependencies for benchmarking detection methods.

Ax Pramudita Satria Palar, Paul Saves, Muhammad Daffa Robani, Nicolas Verstaevel, Moncef Garouani, Julien Aligon, Koji Shimoyama, Joseph Morlier, Benoit Gaudou 4/17/2026

Interpretable and Explainable Surrogate Modeling for Simulations: A State-of-the-Art Survey and Perspectives on Explainable AI for Decision-Making

Survey of interpretable surrogate modeling for complex system simulations, covering explainable AI techniques for decision-making and black-box model transparency.

Ax Wangjie Gan, Miao Pan, Linbo Xi, Wenqi Zhang, Jintao Chen, Jianwei Yin, Xuhong Zhang 4/17/2026

GFT: From Imitation to Reward Fine-Tuning with Unbiased Group Advantages and Dynamic Coefficient Rectification

Training dynamics analysis unifying supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning for LLMs via reward perspective, with group advantage optimization and coefficient rectification.

Ax Kinhei Lee, Peiyuan Jing, Zhenxuan Zhang, Yue Yang, Tao Wang, Dominic C Marshall, Yingying Fang, Guang Yang 4/17/2026

Seeing Through Experts Eyes A Foundational Vision Language Model Trained on Radiologists Gaze and Reasoning

Vision-language model trained on radiologist gaze and reasoning patterns to improve chest X-ray interpretation by emulating expert diagnostic workflows.